Vaccines In Modern Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1251 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Vaccines Essay Did you like this example? Vaccines have been around since Jenners success had spread throughout the world in the early 1800s. Jenner successfully created the small pox vaccine. When the word spread that there had been a successful small pox vaccine created, Massachusetts became the first state to persuade its residents to get the vaccine. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Vaccines In Modern Society" essay for you Create order After this vaccine had its success, creating vaccinations against deadly diseases became more common. When vaccinations became more common and states started enforcing them many people became upset and started the Anti-Vaxx movement. When the Anti-Vaxx movement was created parents started refusing to get their children vaccinated which ultimately lead to rare disease outbreaks. With the many outbreaks, I believe childhood vaccinations should be mandatory as they keep rare diseases at bay and protect those who are immunocompromised. Vaccinations not only protect your child, but they also protect loved ones, and other children. Vaccines work by developing your immunity against rare diseases by imitating an infection. After receiving a vaccination your body produces T-lymphocytes and antibodies against that virus. After the imitating infection has left your body, your body then remembers how to fight the disease you were vaccinated against. There two different types of vaccines, live vaccines and inactivated vaccines. Live vaccines contain a version of the living virus that has been weakened so that it does not cause serious disease in people with healthy immune systems (CDC, 2013). Inactivated vaccines are pathogens that have been destroyed so they are unable to replicate. Due to the vaccines being inactive they almost always require boosters in order for your body to develop immunity. Vaccines have many benefits that outweigh the risks. Since childhood vaccinations are such a highly controversial and debatable topic the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have listed some of the most important reasons for vaccinating your child. Reason one is they can save your childs life. Reason two is vaccines are safe and effective. Reason three vaccines protect others and the immunocompromised. Reason four they protect future generations. These four reasons the cdc has listed to get your child vaccinated are very important for you and your family to understand. Vaccines can save your childs life. When a child receives a vaccination, it builds their immunity against that virus. After receiving a vaccination, the body doesnt recognize the virus and their bodies begins creating antigens which ultimately builds their immunity. So, if your child is ever exposed to that virus their immune systems memory will remember how to fight that virus off without causing any harm. Vaccines are safe and effective. In order for a vaccine t o be used its thoroughly gets reviewed and tested by scientists and multiple professionals in the healthcare field. Vaccine development is a long, complex process, often lasting 10-15 years and involving a combination of public and private involvement (History of Vaccines, 2018). The vaccine testing and approval process consists of six different steps. Once those six steps are successfully completed then the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is responsible for regulating vaccines in the United States (cdc, 2015). Exploratory Stage Pre-Clinical Stage Clinical Development Regulatory review and approval Manufacturing Quality Control Vaccines protect others and the immunocompromised. Vaccines protect those who are too young to receive them due to infancy and protects those who are unable to be vaccinated due to medical reasons. Vaccines are among the most effective tools available for preventing infectious diseases and their complications and sequelae (Omer, Saad 2007). Due to individuals being too young or those who are unable to receive vaccines it is our job to vaccinate those who are eligible in order to keep rare diseases at bay. Keeping rare diseases at bay allows those individuals to live without the fear of contracting a potentially deadly virus. Â  Vaccinations will protect future generations from the diseases that we have today. Just like we are protected from small pox, measles, and polio. Smallpox vaccination eradicated that disease worldwide. Your children dont have to get smallpox shots anymore because the disease no longer exists anywhere in the world (cdc, 2017). With the increase in the anti-vaxx movement there has been an increase in measles cases. With having these sporadic measles outbreaks, overall it is not protecting the future generations. Even with the supporting evidence as to why and how vaccines protect us, there are still many people that are very skeptical about vaccines. Which many of these people choose to either delay or not vaccinate at all. When people started receiving the small pox vaccine that is when concern grew about vaccinations and not long after is when the anti-vaxx movement began. Today many individuals believe in the anti-vaxx movement. These people think completely opposite of those who believe in vaccinations. They believe that receiving vaccinations does more harm than good to their children. There are many reasons as to why people think vaccines are harmful, for example they believe that the ingredients in vaccines are dangerous, causes autism, and a violation of parental rights. Even though vaccines take years to make and get approved people believe that the ingredients that vaccines contain such as thimerosal, formaldehyde, neomycin, and aluminum are dangerous to the human body. These ingredients all have different purposes in creating a vaccine. Even though these ingredients themselves in large quantities are dangerous the tiny amount in a single vaccine does not cause any harm to the human body. Before vaccines are released to be used The Food and Drug Administration looks at the results of these tests to decide whether to license the vaccine for use in the United States (vaccines.gov, 2017). Another reason is people believe that the MMR shot causes autism. Dr. Andrew Wakefield published his infamous article in The Lancet linking autism with the MMR vaccine, causing a public outcry against all childhood vaccinations (McLeod, Corinne 2014). Years later we are still seeing the repercussion of this article. After years of people believing Wakefields study, research has shown that his study was wrong in many ways and ended up being removed in 2010. With the many studies done studies have shown that there is no link between receiving vaccines and developing ASD (cdc, 2015). The third reason is people believe that its a violation of parental rights. Many schools have strict school vaccine requirements. All states permitted medical exemptions from school immunization requirements, 48 states allowed religious exemptions, and 21 states allowed exemptions based on philosophical or personal beliefs (Omer, Saad 2007). With those being the three big reasons why people dont agree with vaccinations the vaccination rate is decreasing. The anti-vaxx movement is dangerous in many ways. With the vaccination rates decreasing there has been multiple recent rare disease outbreaks such as the measles virus. These outbreaks are among persons who refused vaccinations and are spread rapidly within the unvaccinated populations (Omar Saad, 2007). With more people choosing not to vaccinate this leads the potential to start seeing more rare diseases. With vaccinations being such a hot and controversial topic in the United States, there are two different views on them such as pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine. Those who believe in pro-vaccine believe that the benefits outweigh the risks and its doing more good for their child than harming them. People who are anti-vaccine believe that vaccines are doing more harm than protecting them since they have dangerous ingredients and side effects such as the MMR vaccine causing autism. I personally am pro-vaccine. I believe that the benefits of vaccines outweigh the risks tremendously. Our job as a whole is to educate the importance of vaccinations and how they protect us.

Essay about Photography - 731 Words

The Test of Time: The Power of the Photograph What is a photograph? The simplicity of taking a photograph leads many to ponder its artistic value. Yet, it is undeniable that there are some photos that cause an emotional reaction deeper than simply observing a recorded point in time. Surely, there are photographs that cause more reaction than some modern art pieces. There seems to be two types of photographs. The first classification is the ‘time capture’ photo – an image with the sole purpose of recording a particular event or point in time. The second nature of a photo carries a ‘deeper meaning,’ which has the ability to change the observer’s mood and cause a reaction. But what distinguishes these two varieties? There are a†¦show more content†¦There is clearly an artistic value to this image – it is taken at the location of a massacre of over 200 members of the Great Sioux Nation. However, did Elliot Erwitt intend a ‘deeper meaning’ for this photogr aph? In an interview recorded on his official website, Erwitt declares, â€Å"If it turns out to be entertaining what I do, I’m very pleased. But it’s not conscious.† It seems that Erwitt claims to not possess artistic intent in his photographs. However, it is clear that he simply boasts an unconscious artistic eye. It is obvious that the photograph of this church on hallowed ground falls in the ‘deeper meaning’ category. The second Elliot Erwitt photo is taken from his official webpage. It too is captured in black and white. The photo, shown in Figure 2 was taken in France and depicts a man and child riding a bicycle down a road lined with trees. This seems to be a ‘time capture’ photo; this particular event can never be perfectly replicated again. Despite the category in which this photo clearly falls into, it is undoubtedly still art – the setting is too perfect to be unintentional. However, according to Erwitt in h is interview, unintentional is exactly the correct word. Erwitt states, â€Å"I take pictures of anything that interests me as I walk around with my camera.† This means that many of his photos are taken on a whim; the right place at the right time. In this case it is the viewer who makes the distinction betweenShow MoreRelatedPhotography : The Benefits Of Photography1273 Words   |  6 Pages The Benefits of Photography Everywhere people go they are likely going to notice a piece of photography. Even it were to be projection of a image on a screen, a painting on a building or just a printed image in a shop window. Although there are many genres of photography such as monochrome, satellite, underwater, and panoramic, the main focus on in this project is digital photography. â€Å"Digital photography is a form of photography that uses cameras containing arrays of electronic photodetectorsRead MorePhotography And The Invention Of Photography996 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many ways one can express his feelings, and one of them is photography. 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Scientific Management †Taylorism Free Essays

‘Scientific Management’ is a managerial development theory that was proposed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s. It was designed to apply scientific methods to the management of work organisations in order to improve economic efficiency and labour productivity. This theory is also well known as ‘Taylorism’ and has had a significant impact in the history of organisational management. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific Management – Taylorism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scientific management has had many benefits in the work organisation such as the division between workers and managers, increased efficiency in production and task specialisation. To some extent, this idea may still be relevant in some organisations but it is evident that the problems associated with this theory has led to the downfall of scientific management in today’s service economy and furthermore has allowed for the introduction of improved managerial methods. The issues and disadvantages of scientific management will be further discussed and explained why it is no longer considered relevant in our modern day service economy. With the introduction of scientific management in the work organisation there has been a controversial debate over the changes that occur within the workplace. Do the disadvantages of scientific management theory outweigh the advantages? It is true that this method allows specific tasks to be assigned to specific workers according to their specialisation thus increasing efficiency in productivity as well as a â€Å"regimented system of work organisation and managerial practice† (Aguiar, 2002, p. 239). However these changes have had a detrimental effect on the welfare of the workers due to the investigation of introducing new management procedures. Stress levels and insecurity of the workers were said to have increased as a result of redundancies, layoffs and health and safety issues according to Aguiar (2002). There was also a change in work conditions that introduced the ‘gender division of labour’ meaning that women were assigned with easier jobs whereas men were assigned with the more â€Å"heavy-duty† (Aguiar, 2002, p. 246) jobs. Due to these new management strategies, labour intensification had been increased ultimately leading to an increase in workload and even more changes in work conditions. As a result of gender division, it was evident that there was a significant difference in wages for women and men. Men typically received a higher wage than women which unquestionably became an issue as men were less likely to experience changes in their assigned jobs, whereas women were more susceptible to these changes. Furthermore, not only are women’s wages lower than men’s, this often ends in a gender clash as it leads to women feeling unmotivated and not up to standard. Not only has scientific management created a negative gender division in work organisations, it has also created a less encouraging environment for workers. Although the principles of Taylorism have had a positive outcome on efficiency of production and productivity of workers, it has negatively impacted the workers as it has decreased job satisfaction thus increasing the repetitive nature of the workload. As workers are only required to specialise in one specific task, workers quickly become dissatisfied as the fundamental job requirements such as variety of skill, significance of tasks, independence and criticism are all missing. According to Gronroos (1994), it is due to the introduction of new technology in the work organisation that prevents workers from experiencing considerable job satisfaction. This also results in a poor relationship between workers and customers, as the value of customer satisfaction is neglected and therefore competitive advantages are not achieved. In some work environments there were â€Å"additional target-related pressures† (Bain et al. , 2002, p. 182) where workers refused to work overtime or simply insisted on taking breaks between shifts. In some cases there would be workers that would feel the need to conform and not give into pressure to take breaks thus increasing stress levels and decrease in job satisfaction. Lastly, there is also the issue of Taylorism being easily distorted to exploit workers in a way that they are being controlled and treated as machines rather than human beings. This introduces the idea that this method of management can be seen as dehumanising to the worker. Taylor fails to recognise the importance of the wellbeing of workers in their work environment and rather focuses entirely on gaining maximum efficiency, productivity and profits. This raises conflicts with labour unions as they strongly believe that humans are unlike machines and cannot operate as machines do. Since workers are assigned to their specific task and that task only, they are unable to develop further skills and use their imagination and creativity to complete certain tasks and this is due to a scientific approach in management. There are limited opportunities for workers to be able to express his or her creativity as â€Å"each worker has a very well-determined task† (Caldari, 2007, p. 73). Therefore the outcome of completing the required task will only result in maximum efficiency if they complete what they have been assigned to do but will be unable to develop mentally thus illustrating the concept of dehumanisation. Although the human mind is constantly capable of storing new information such as certain routines and actions, â€Å"the human brain and flexible production systems must exhibit the ability to change, evolve and create† (Caldari, 2007, p. 74). Conclusively, it is evident that in some cases the scientific management approach is accepted by some work organisations. However, Taylor’s theory is flawed in a way that he has failed to account for the crucial factors relating to human welfare and focuses purely on maximisation in productivity, efficiency and profits. Although Taylor’s method was considered the machine model of organisation, and impacted management history in dramatic ways, his theory had also raised many controversial issues that must be considered prior to applying those theories in a predominant service economy. Scientific management may have had a positive impact in particular organisations but in today’s society, this theory is no longer relevant in a predominantly service economy. How to cite Scientific Management – Taylorism, Papers

Analysis of Human Migration free essay sample

An Analysis of Human Migration Ever since humans learnt to grow crops as a steady source of food humans have migrated In search of conditions better suited to their needs and comforts. Although all of us but the 30-40 million that choose to live the nomadic life have abandoned that lifestyle and moved on to a more civilized modern era, migration still remains an option for those of us seeking to take residence In an alternate region of mother earth. The National Geographic Society [1] defines human migration as The movement of people from one place in the world to another for the purpose of taking up ermanent or semipermanent residence, usually across a political boundary. Migration Inside a landmass or political region Is called Internet migration and outside a physical or political border Is called external migration. For example Inside moving inside the continent of Australia would be internal migration but moving into a different continent overseas would be external migration. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Human Migration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are a variety of causes for migration, but they havent changed much through the years and remain fairly similar to the reasons our ancestors chose to migrate. These reasons can be categorized into two sections; these being push factors and pull factors. Push factors are reasons for leaving a region because of negative properties of the location and Pull factors are reasons for moving into a place because of positive properties of a location. Such factors can further be divided Into Environmental factors like climate, Political Factors Ilke war, Economic factors Ilke work, cultural factors Ilke education and utility factors like geographic location and socioeconomic status. Statistically speaking, the humans are extremely successful as a species. The 7 billionth human was born not long ago and the 10 billionth Is not far away, calculated to be born around the end of the century. The human race Is not only vast, we are also incredibly diverse and this is what defines us as a species. Meaning when we lost a part of our culture we lose a bit of what it means to be human. This brings us to one of the biggest drawbacks of migration, known as Cultural Extinction. Cultural extinction occurs when a family that Is part of a smaller culture migrates and the next generation of the respective family is only exposed to the native language and culture, since culture and tradition is only carried through families, the prospective bearer of this culture is burned out, ending a vein of this precious cultural blood. But our cultural diversity Itself poses a question. How Is It that we as a human race are so diverse in culture, and yet so similar? A research project named The Genographic project Was created by Spencer Wells for the purpose of answering this question and tracing human movement in prehistoric times. Even though the fields of palaeoanthropology and archaeology already enable us to access this Information, the Genographic project uses a newer method that allows us to find out how closely we are related to each other, enabling us to map out a family tree going back millions IOF4